Catastrophes
It's the end of the world, as we know it
Catastrophes, fun, etc.
There is something about the human psyche that dwells upon imminent disaster.
While it is prudent to be apprised of the various dangers of existence,
overreaction is counter productive.
The only antidote is knowledge.
It is, at once, a shield against irrational fear
and an astringent against blithe ignorance.
One of the more useful frameworks to get a sense of scale about various
'catastrophic' events, is laid out in Gwynne Dyer's recent book
Future Tense .
He is concerned primarily with terrorism, but the idea can be applied
more widely.
Here is the relevant quote:
"If we are ever to get some sense of proportion back about terrorism, we need
a logarithmic scale for disasters like the one they use for stars. Only the
very brightest stars are First Magnitude; divide the brilliance by ten for
Second Magnitude stars, by a hundred for Third Magnitude, and so on. Ranking
human disasters by the same system, only those that could kill, say, half the
population in question would be First Magnitude. For the twelve million Jews
who lived in Europe in 1939, the Holocaust was a First Magnitude calamity;
half of them were dead by 1945. At the global level, a First Magnitude
disaster would be one that killed around three billion people: it is possible
to imagine a return of the Black Death, for example, that would kill three
billion people, and an all-out global nuclear war could reach the same casualty
level."
"Divide by ten and a Second Magnitude global disaster is one that kills in the
low hundreds of millions of people. A 'clean' Third World War with relative
restraint in the nuclear targeting of cities and no nuclear-winter effect would
fall into this range. The AIDS epidemic may ultimately prove to be a Second
Magnitude disaster, although a very slow moving one. Divide by ten again and
we are down to Third Magnitude disaster like the First and Second World Wars
and the Spanish Influenza outbreak of 1918-19, which all killed 10 to 50 million
people. An Indo-Pakistani nuclear war would be a Third Magnitude disaster, as
would an Israeli decision to unleash its nuclear arsenal on its Arab neighbours."
"Divide by ten once more, and we are down to Fourth Magnitude events, only
one-thousandth as big as First Magnitude ones. Big or long-lasting local wars
like Korea 1950-53, Vietnam 1965-73, and Sudan 1983-2003 fall into this range,
killing two or three million people. The slaughter in the Great Lakes region
of Africa that began the Rwanda genocide of 1994 and continues today in Eastern
Congo probably qualifies by now as a Fourth Magnitude event. An out-of-control
nuclear meltdown in a densely populated area or a megaton-range bomb exploded
at the right height over a very large city could also cause deaths at a
Fourth Magnitude level."
"Divide by ten again and we drop to the level of purely local catastrophes like
the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, the Krakatoa explosion of 1883, the atomic bombing
of Hiroshima in 1945, and wars in former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, each of which
killed in the quarter-million range. Potential Fifth Magnitude calamities in
the present include the Big One along the San Andreas fault in California, an
average year's famine toll in Ethiopia, or a successful terrorist attack on a
major city using a ground-burst nuclear weapon."
"Another division by ten, and we drop to Sixth Magnitude events like the war in
Iraq in 2003, the 2004 earthquake in Iran, and the Arab-Israeli War of 1967,
all of which caused 20,000 to 50,000 fatal casualties. Worse case scenarios
for highly successful terrorist attacks using biological weapons very rarely
rise above this level. And a final division by ten brings us down to Seventh
Magnitude events like the IRA's war in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1998, the
Second Intifada in Israel/Palestine from 2000 to the present, and the 9/11
attacks on the United States in 2001, all of which have caused on the order of
three thousand deaths. About as many Americans die each month from gunshot
wounds as died in the Twin Towers, the Pentagon and Flight 93, and those losses,
unlike the terrorist attacks, recur every month. So why is terrorism regarded
by both the U.S. government and media as the world's number-one problem?"
Gwynne Dyer, Future Tense, pages 53-55
In the sections below are some links which you may find helpful
in discovering relevant information.
Perhaps it would be useful to check your
critical thinking
skills,
consider the merits of
practical skepticism
and avoid
fallacious arguments.
Name your poison
Doomsday Asteroids, Extinction Level Events
- Terrestrial Impact sites
- Terrestrial Impact Craters
- Earth Impact Database
- Asteroid Impact Hazards - NASA
- SpaceWatch
- The B612 Foundation
- NASA:JPL: Current Impact Risks
- Near Earth Asteroid Tracking
- Asteroid Impact Bibliography
- UK Report on NEOs
- The Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazard: A Systems Approach by C.R. Chapman & D.D. Durda
- LPI Traces of Catastrophe by B.M. French
- (book) Evolutionary Catastrophes: The Science of Mass Extinction by Vincent Courtillot
- FAS: Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth
- USAF: Planetary Defense System
- NASA:JPL:NEO Asteroid 1950DA
- Tunguska
- Earth Impact Effects Program
- Earth Impact Effects Program
- UCSB: Bedout: A Possible End-Permian Impact Crater Offshore Northwestern Australia by L. Becker, R. J. Poreda, et al.
- 2004/06/16: Arxiv: Impact by Detlef Lohse, Raymond Bergmann et al.
- Hohmann Transfer - Asteroid/Comet Connection
- UKAPP: The UK Astrometry and Photometry Programme for Near-Earth Objects
- NASA:JPL:NEO 2004MN4 Earth Impact Risk
- 2006/03/19: APOD: Our Busy Solar System
- IAU: Minor Planet Center
- NASA:JPL: Asteroid Watch
- 2010/03/10: arXiv: Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System by Vadim V. Bobylev
- Pan-STARRS -- Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System
- ---
- 2010/07/30: CBC: Asteroid [1999-RQ36] could hit earth in 172 years
- 2010/07/16: PhysOrg: 25,000 new asteroids found by [WISE] NASA's sky mapping
- 2010/07/13: MIT: 3 Questions: Richard Binzel on astronomers’ powerful new tool
Pan-STARRS [Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System], a telescope designed to reveal the ‘unexpected surprises’ in our solar system, including possible threats to Earth, just became fully operational.
- 2010/06/17: BBC: 'Killer space rock' hunt to begin
A new telescope facility in Hawaii designed to search for asteroids and comets which could threaten Earth has been made operational.
The Pan-STARRS 1 telescope will map large portions of the sky each night to track not only close space objects, but also exploding stars (supernovae).
The telescope has been taking science data for six months but is now operating from dusk-dawn each night.
Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) is expected to map one-sixth of the sky every month.
The facility boasts a huge digital camera: a 1,400 megapixel (1.4 gigapixel) device that can photograph an area of the sky as large as 36 full Moons in a single exposure.
- 2010/05/07: SundayMagazine: Fears Of The Comet Are Foolish And Ungrounded -- From May 8, 1910
- 2010/05/03: SciDaily: Radar Images Near-Earth Asteroid: No Impact for Next 100 Years
Near-Earth asteroid 2005 YU55 was "imaged" by the Arecibo Radar Telescope in Puerto Rico on April 19. Data collected during Arecibo's observation of 2005 YU55 allowed the Near-Earth Object Program Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to refine the space rock's orbit, allowing scientists to rule out any possibility of an Earth impact for the next 100 years.
- 2010/01/25: PlanetArk: Government Doing Little About Asteroids: Report
- 2010/01/22: ScienceInsider: Experts: U.S. Asteroid Danger Plans Insufficient
- 2010/01/22: NewScientist: [US NRC] Panel calls for global 'asteroid defence agency'
- 2009/12/31: BBC: Russia 'plans to stop asteroid' [Apophis]
The head of Russia's federal space agency has said it will work to divert an asteroid which will make several passes near the Earth from 2029.
Anatoly Perminov told the Voice of Russia radio service that the agency's science council would hold a closed meeting to discuss the issue.
Any eventual plan is likely to be an international collaboration, he said.
The US space agency said in October that there is a one-in-250,000 chance of Apophis hitting Earth in 2036.
- 2009/12/30: CBC: Russia considers sending spacecraft to knock [Apophis] asteroid off path -- The Asteroid Apophis was discovered on June 19, 2004.
Russia is considering sending a spacecraft to a large asteroid to knock it off its path and prevent a possible collision with Earth, the head of the country's space agency said Wednesday.
Anatoly Perminov said the space agency will hold a meeting soon to assess a mission to Apophis, telling Golos Rossii radio that it would invite NASA, the European Space Agency, the Chinese space agency and others to join the project once it is finalized.
When the 270-metre-long asteroid was first discovered in 2004, astronomers estimated it had as high as a 1-in-37 chance of it smashing into Earth in its first flyby in 2029, but have since lowered their estimate.
Further studies ruled out the possibility of an impact in 2029, when the asteroid is expected to come no closer than 29,450 kilometres above Earth's surface, but they indicated a small possibility of a hit on subsequent encounters.
- 2009/12/18: Wired: Video: The Asteroid That Will Almost Hit Earth
- 2009/10/07: PhysOrg: NASA Refines Asteroid Apophis' Path Toward Earth
Using updated information, NASA scientists have recalculated the path of a large asteroid. The refined path indicates a significantly reduced likelihood of a hazardous encounter with Earth in 2036.
The Apophis asteroid is approximately the size of two-and-a-half football fields. The new data were documented by near-Earth object scientists Steve Chesley and Paul Chodas at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. They will present their updated findings at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society's Division for Planetary Sciences in Puerto Rico on Oct. 8.
- NewScientist:The world's best impact craters
- 2009/09/04: DM:SNF: The Elegant Way to Save Earth From Asteroid Destruction
- 2009/09/04: PhysOrg: [Gravity tractor] Spacecraft Could Save Earth from Asteroids
- 2009/08/31: BBC: British plan to tackle asteroids
A team of British scientists are developing plans for a spacecraft that could stop large asteroids from destroying the Earth.
The 10 tonne "gravity tractor" would deflect any orbiting rocks years before any potential collision could happen.
The device, which would rely on the force of gravity, is being developed by Stevenage space company, EADS Atrium.
However the idea is still in its early stages and the company admits a prototype has not yet been made.
- 2009/08/13: CBC: NASA can't track dangerous asteroids: report
- 2009/08/12: NewScientist: Earth could be blindsided by asteroids, panel warns
- 2009/08/12: WpgSun: Study: NASA can't afford search for Earth-threatening asteroids
NASA is charged with seeking out nearly all the asteroids that threaten Earth but does not have the money to do the job, a U.S. government report says.
That is because even though Congress assigned the space agency this mission four years ago, it never gave NASA money to build the necessary telescopes, the new National Academy of Sciences report says. Specifically, NASA has been ordered to spot 90 per cent of the potentially deadly rocks hurtling through space by 2020.
Even so, NASA says it has completed about one-third of its assignment with its current telescope system.
- 2009/01/13: SwissInfo: Science squares up to asteroid threat
- 2008/12/11: WorldChanging: Giant Asteroids and International Security
- 2008/12/03: SlashDot: UN Plans Asteroid Response Framework
- 2008/12/02: BBC: World 'must tackle space threat'
The international community must work together to tackle the threat of asteroids colliding with Earth, a leading UN scientist says.
Professor Richard Crowther's comments come as a group of space experts called for a co-ordinated science-led response to the asteroid threat.
The Association of Space Explorers (ASE) says missions to intercept asteroids will need global approval.
The UN will meet in February to discuss the issue.
- 2008/11/25: CBC: Space experts pitch plan to prevent asteroid collisions
- 2008/07/29: NewScientist: 'Gravity tractor' could deflect asteroids, NASA study says
- 2008/07/28: WiredSci: Nukes Are Not the Best Way to Stop an Asteroid
- 2008/07/15: LFB: Apophis Asteroid still a risk for 2036
- 2008/06/30: DotEarth: Apocalypse Then. Next One, When? [Tunguska]
- 2008/05/22: IaState: Engineering researcher seeks answers to asteroid deflection
- 2008/05/26: PhysOrg: Researchers will study ways to deflect asteroids
- 2008/04/16: Seed: Planetary Protection - Governments reconsider the risk of Near-Earth asteroid and comet impacts
- 2008/04/22: SlashDot: Private Efforts Fill Gaps In Earth's Asteroid Defenses
- 2008/04/11: NSF: Geologists Discover New Way of Estimating Size and Frequency of Meteorite Impacts
- 2008/03/27: BBC: 'Biggest UK space impact found' -- Evidence of the biggest meteorite ever to hit the British Isles has been found by a team of scientists
- 2008/01/29: BBC: Asteroid makes close Earth pass
An asteroid some 250m (600ft) across has swept past the Earth. There was no chance of it hitting the planet, but astronomers trained telescopes and radar on the object to learn as much about it as they can.
The asteroid - which carries the rather dull designation 2007 TU24 - passed by at a distance of 538,000km (334,000 miles), just outside Moon's orbit.
- 2007/11/: Icarus: Predicting Apophis' Earth Encounters in 2029 and 2036
- 2007/11/08: PhysOrg: NASA pressed to avert catastrophic Deep Impact
- 2007/09/20: ESA: Dealing with threatening space rocks
- 2007/05/21: NewScientist: NASA analysis of asteroid risk deeply flawed, critics say
- 2007/03/17: SlashDot: NASA Outlines Asteroid Deflection Program
- 2007/03/: NASA:JPL: Near-Earth Object Survey and Defintion Analysis of Alternvatives - Report to Congress
- 2007/03/05: PhysOrg: NASA Can't Pay for Killer Asteroid Hunt
NASA officials say the space agency is capable of finding nearly all the asteroids that might pose a devastating hit to Earth, but there isn't enough money to pay for the task so it won't get done.
The cost to find at least 90 percent of the 20,000 potentially hazardous asteroids and comets by 2020 would be about $1 billion, according to a report NASA will release later this week.
- 2007/03/07: Guardian(UK): Big blasts or tiny tugs: how to stop an asteroid catastrophe
- 2007/02/22: PhysOrg: [University of Alabama] Scientists Working to Deflect Asteroids Threatening Earth
- 2007/02/17: NewScientist: Asteroid threat demands response, experts warn
- 2007/02/17: BBC: Action plan for killer asteroids
A draft UN treaty to determine what would have to be done if a giant asteroid was on a collision course with Earth is to be drawn up this year.
- 2006/07/15: Guardian(UK): Wanted: small asteroid for use as slingshot to slay a Goliath
- 2006/07/01: BBC: A large asteroid [2004 XP14] is set to pass Earth in a close encounter which scientists say will pose no danger.
- 2006/06/08: ENN: Expert Says Meteor May Have Caused [Permian-Triassic] Extinction
- 2006/06/02: NSU: Does a giant crater lie beneath the Antarctic ice? Signs of an ancient impact could help to explain a mass extinction
- 2006/06/01: OSU: Big Bang In Antarctica -- Killer Crater Found Under Ice [250 mya]
- 2006/05/22: NewScientist: Risk of asteroid smashing into Earth reduced
- 2006/05/10: BBC: Relic of ancient asteroid found
A large fragment of an asteroid that punched 160km-wide (100 miles) hole in the Earth's surface has been found.
The beachball-sized fossil meteorite was dug out of the 145-million-year-old Morokweng crater in South Africa.
- 2006/03/29: GSA: More Evidence Chicxulub Was Too Early
- 2005/12/07: Guardian(UK): It's called Apophis. It's 390m wide. - And it could hit Earth in 31 years time
- 2005/11/09: BBC: Gravity tug to deflect asteroids - Two Nasa astronauts say they have devised a plan to stop an asteroid potentially colliding with Earth.
- 2005/09/26: ESA: ESA selects targets for asteroid-deflecting mission Don Quijote
- 2005/08/10: SciDaily: India's Smoking Gun: Dino-killing Eruptions [Deccan Traps]
- 2005/06/01: New Scientist: Comet [Catalina 2005 JQ5] put on list of potential Earth impactors
- 2005/05/31: BBC: It is unlikely humans exterminated the immense marsupial Diprotodon and other huge beasts that once roamed Australia in a short killing spree.
- 2005/04/16: Wired: Asteroid Warnings Toned Down
- 2005/04/14: Eureka: Low oxygen likely made 'Great Dying' worse, greatly delayed recovery
- 2005/04/12: Eureka: Revised asteroid scale aids understanding of impact risk
- 2005/04/11: SciDaily: Explosions In Space May Have Initiated Ancient Extinction On Earth
- 2005/04/11: BBC: Ray burst is extinction suspect
A huge cosmic explosion could have caused a mass extinction on Earth 450 million years ago, according to an analysis by scientists in the US.
- 2005/03/10: SF Gate: Mass extinction comes every 62 million years, UC physicists discover
- 2005/03/09: BBC: Experts weigh super-volcano risks
- 2005/01/20: Eureka: New evidence indicates biggest extinction [Permian/Triassic] wasn't caused by asteroid or comet
- 2004/11/17: Eureka: Dinosaur extinction occurred at peak of diversity
Research refutes long-held belief that diversity was declining
- 2004/11/09: SciDaily: Ecosystem Remodelling Among Vertebrates During The Permian-Triassic Extinction
- 2004/11/07: NewScientist: Largest ever field of impact craters uncovered
- 2004/10/28: BBC: Astronomers chart asteroid threat
- 2004/09/27: NASA: Asteroid (4179) Toutatis to Pass Closely By Earth on Wednesday, September 29, 2004
- 2004/08/23: New Scientist: Asteroid shaves past Earth's atmosphere
- 2004/08/19: Guardian(UK): Antarctic craters reveal asteroid strike
- 2004/07/14: SciDaily: ESA Considers The Next Step In Assessing The Risk From Near-Earth Objects
- 2004/05/14: BBC: Boost to asteroid wipe-out theory
- 2004/05/14: Guardian(UK): New clues to 2bn-year-old murder
- 2004/05/13: Eureka: Impact at Bedout: 'Smoking gun' of giant collision that nearly ended life on earth is identified
- 2004/05/13: Eureka: Evidence for meteor impact near Australia linked to largest extinction in Earth's history
- 2001/01/23: BBC: Asteroid 'destroyed life 250m years ago'
- 2001/02/08: BBC: 'Quick' demise for the dinosaurs
- 2001/09/28: BBC: Spaceguard UK opens observatory
- 2001/11/08: BBC: Earth at 'lower risk' of impact
- 2002/01/21: BBC: Scientists hunt for asteroids
- 2002/03/15: New Scientist: Asteroid buzzes Earth from "blind spot"
- 2002/04/04: New Scientist: Asteroid forecast has good and bad news
- 2002/04/04: BBC: Asteroid could hit Earth in 2880
- 2002/04/09: SciDaily: Radar Pushes Limits Of Asteroid Impact Prediction
- 2002/04/19: BBC: UK asteroid centre opens
- 2002/05/08: BBC: Cosmic catastrophe 'a certainty'
- 2002/05/20: SciDaily: Cosmic Impacts Implicated In Both The Rise And Fall Of Dinosaurs
- 2002/06/06: BBC: Volcanic 'flood' linked to extinction [Siberian Traps]
- 2002/06/11: BBC: Dino heatwave recorded in leaves
- 2002/06/20: BBC: Space rock's close approach
- 2002/06/23: APOD: Asteroids in the Distance
- 2002/07/24: BBC: Space rock [NT7] 'on collision course'
- 2002/08/01: BBC: UK's first impact crater discovered [under the North Sea]
- 2002/08/09: BBC: 'Ready to tackle Armageddon'
- 2003/08/25: NASA-JPL:NEO: NASA Releases Near-Earth Object Search Report
- 2003/09/05: MIT-NO: MIT researchers reassess asteroid hazards
- 2004/03/12: BBC: Government 'ignores' space threat
- 2004/03/18: BBC: Space rock makes closest approach
- 2004/03/17: NASA: Recently Discovered Near-Earth Asteroid Makes Record-breaking Approach to Earth
- 2004/03/24: BBC: NASA considers impact alert plan
- 2004/04/01: BBC: Double whammy link to extinctions
- 2004/04/07: UANews: Web-Based Program Calculates Effects of an Earth Impact
- 2004/04/08: BBC: Asteroid protection plan proposed
Over Population
- Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs
- UNPD: World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database
- UN Population Info
- Population Reference Bureau
- World Watch Org. on Population (Commercial)
- US Census Bureau - Population Clocks
- USCensusBureau: Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050
- Die Off Org.
- Population Connection
- Over Population Org.
- Population Action
- World Population Clock
- Sierrans for U.S. Population Stabilization
- Over Population FAQ
- World Population Issues
- Optimum Population Trust
- Numbers USA
- NPG: Negative Population Growth
- 2006/01/04: UMich: Population Growth over Human History
- Optimum Population Trust -- Towards environmentally sustainable populations
- ---
- 2009/08/04: EUO: EU population to hit 500 million
- 2008/07/21: Guardian(UK): The global war on sex education - In the US and abroad, the Bush administration has severely restricted women's access to contraception
- 2008/06/06: PRWatch: Shifting Focus, Anti-Abortion Groups Oppose Contraception
- 2008/03/14: DotEarth: Earth 2050: Population Unknowable?
- 2007/08/25: BBC: The Chinese government says it is drafting new laws to tackle the growing gender imbalance caused by the widespread abortion of female foetuses
- 2007/08/25: AFP: China plans tougher laws on sex-selective abortions
Fearing the approach of a ticking "bachelor bomb," China is planning tougher laws against sex-selective abortions that have boosted the number of boys in recent years, state media said Saturday.
The State Council, or cabinet, is drafting special regulations that specify punishments for parents and doctors who abort foetuses after discovering they are female, the Xinhua news agency reported.
- 2007/06/08: RHRC: Democrats Compromise on Abstinence-Only Funding; Title X Increase
- 2007/06/08: TomPaine: Don't Ask, Don't Do It!
- 2007/06/07: TCR: A questionable strategy on abstinence
- 2007/06/01: WSWS: Protests in China over the one child policy
- 2007/05/22: NCSU: World Population Becomes More Urban Than Rural
- 2007/05/21: CSM: Fuse on the 'population bomb' has been relit
While the developed world deals with a 'birth dearth,' populations are exploding in developing nations
- 2007/05/21: BBC: China's child fines 'spark riot'
Thousands of villagers have rioted in south-western China over the country's controversial family planning restrictions, reports say.
The villagers, in Guangxi province, reportedly attacked government offices after officials imposed heavy fines on families who had too many children.
The rioting allegedly took place on Friday and Saturday. Beijing allows urban dwellers to have one child, while villagers can have two if the first child is a girl.
The policy - which was launched in the 1970s - is aimed at controlling population growth in the world's biggest nation with some 1.3 billion people.
- 2007/05/07: BBC: China warns of population growth - China's top family planning body has warned of a "population rebound" as couples flout one child policy rules
- 2007/04/20: SinoDaily: Results Of First Systematic Study Of China One-Child Policy
- 2007/04/11: GristMill: Population - We're constantly getting yelled at here at Grist for not discussing population...
- 2007/03/18: Guardian(UK): No one is willing to address the accelerating growth in the world's population
- 2007/03/14: MSNBC: World population may reach 9.2 billion by 2050 - Biggest boom expected in developing countries, U.N. report says
- 2007/02/01: CommonGround: It's the people, stupid
- 2007/01/31: CDreams: Independent(UK): Birth Rates 'Must be Curbed to Win War on Global Poverty'
- 2007/01/20: CDreams: The Population Bubble
- 2006/12/20: BBC: Japan population 'set to plummet'
A dwindling birth rate is expected to cut Japan's population by 30% over the next 50 years, a survey by the government has said.
- 2006/11/20: WaPo: Japan Shrinks - Japan has embarked on a path no developed nation has ever followed -- of sustained
and inexorable population decline
- 2006/02/06: GPM: (transcript) Dr. Albert Bartlett: Arithmetic, Population and Energy
- 2006/07/03: CSM: How to slow the population clock
- 2006/06/19: TruthOut: The Most Powerful Force on Earth [population explosion]
- 2006/05/30: WorldChanging: Ecological Handprints: Population and the Limits of Possibility
- 2006/02/25: Yahoo: Planet's Population to Hit 6.5 Billion Saturday [February 25th]
- 2006/01/07: People's Daily: China to keep population below 1.37 billion by 2010
- 2006/01/06: BBC: Population size 'green priority'
- 2006/01/04: SciDaily: The First Baby Boom: Skeletal Evidence Shows Abrupt Worldwide Increase In Birth Rate During Neolithic Period
- 2005/12/20: TOD: So let's talk about population
- 2005/08/25: Planetizen: World Population Heading Rapidly Toward 7 Billion
- 2005/07/24: BBC: Indians 'to choose family size'
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has said forcing people to restrict the size of their families is not the way to control population growth in India.
- 2005/04/19: Eureka: Are rice and wheat behind China's population boom? Rice farming led to growth of ancient cities
- 2005/02/25: BBC: World population 'to rise by 40%' - The world's population is expected to rise from the current 6.5 billion to 9.1 billion by 2050, the UN says.
- 2005/02/21: WorldChanging: Population Trends
- 2004/11/04: UN: World population in 2300 could stabilize at 9 billion, UN estimates
- 2004/08/29: Independent(UK): The more we grow, the less able we are to feed ourselves
- 2004/08/18: BBC: India population 'to be biggest'
India is set to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2050, while some countries will shrink by nearly 40%, according to new research.
- 2004/03/24: Guardian(UK): 2050: a fuller world, and an older one
- 2004/02/03: BBC: Rich 'failing' on birth control
- 2003/12/08: BBC: UN warns of population surge
- 2002/11/04: UN Wire: Population: U.S. Threatens To Withdraw Support For 1994 Cairo Action Plan
- 2002/08/17: UN Wire: Population: 99 Percent Of Growth Seen Occurring In Developing World
- 2001/11/06: BBC: 'Shortsighted' world lets population swell
- 2001/08/01: BBC: World numbers 'may peak by 2100'
- 2001/03/26: BBC: Census confirms one billion Indians
- 1999/10/12: BBC: World population: Special report
Global Warming
Biodiversity, Sixth Extinction etc.
The Energy Crisis
Emerging Diseases
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Last modified July 30, 2010